Team Sport Participation and Smoking (2004)
Objective
To assess the likelihood of smoking among adolescents with different patterns of
team sport participation, grades 9–11.
Methods
Adolescents (N 5 1,098) participating in
a longitudinal study of the biobehavioral predictors of smoking adoption completed items
assessing various health-related behaviors, including team sport participation and smoking
practices. General growth mixture modeling (GGMM) was used to analyze the
data.
Results
Four patterns of team sport participation were found. Adolescents with
decreasing or erratic participation were nearly three times more likely than adolescents with
high participation to be current smokers in eleventh grade. Nonwhites were at particular risk for
decreasing and erratic patterns of participation, and later smoking. Females were at high risk for
low team participation.
Conclusion
Results suggest that multiple patterns of team sport
participation can be identified with GGMM and that these patterns may be useful in
characterizing individuals at particular risk for future smoking.
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